Public Health: If required, we may use or disclose your PHI for mandatory public health activities to a public health authority authorized by law to collect or receive such information for the purpose of preventing or controlling disease, injury, or disability, or if directed by a public health authority, to a government agency that is collaborating with that public health authority.
Public Safety: We may disclose your PHI if necessary, to prevent or lessen a serious and imminent threat to the health or safety of a person or the public. If information is disclosed to prevent or lessen a serious threat it will be disclosed to a person or persons reasonably able to prevent or lessen the threat, including the target of the threat.
Research: PHI may only be disclosed after a special approval process or with your authorization. Fundraising: We may send you fundraising communications at one time or another. You have the
right to opt out of such fundraising communications with each solicitation you receive.
Verbal Permission: We may also use or disclose your information to family members that are directly involved in your treatment with your verbal permission.
With Authorization: Uses and disclosures not specifically permitted by applicable law will be made only with your written authorization, which may be revoked at any time, except to the extent
that we have already made a use or disclosure based upon your authorization. The following uses and disclosures will be made only with your written authorization: (i) most uses and disclosures
of psychotherapy notes which are separated from the rest of your medical record; (ii) most uses and disclosures of PHI for marketing purposes, including subsidized treatment communications; (iii)
disclosures that constitute a sale of PHI; and (iv) other uses and disclosures not described in this Notice of Privacy Practices.
YOUR RIGHTS REGARDING YOUR PHI
You have the following rights regarding PHI we maintain about you. To exercise any of these rights, please submit your request in writing to our Privacy Officer at CHOICEPOINT:
● Right of Access to Inspect and Copy: You have the right, which may be restricted only in exceptional circumstances, to inspect and copy PHI that is maintained in a “designated record
set”. A designated record set contains mental health/medical and billing records and any other records that are used to make decisions about your care. Your right to inspect and copy PHI will be
restricted only in those situations where there is compelling evidence that access would cause serious harm to you or if the information is contained in separately maintained psychotherapy notes.
We may charge a reasonable, cost-based fee for copies. If your records are maintained electronically, you may also request an electronic copy of your PHI. You may also request that a copy of
your PHI be provided to another person
● Right to Amend: If you feel that the PHI we have about you is incorrect or incomplete, you may ask us to amend the information although we are not required to agree to the amendment. If
we deny your request for amendment, you have the right to file a statement of disagreement with us. We may prepare a rebuttal to your statement and will provide you with a copy. Please contact
the Privacy Officer if you have any questions.
● Right to an Accounting of Disclosures: You have the right to request an accounting of certain of the disclosures that we make of your PHI. We may charge you a reasonable fee if you
request more than one accounting in any 12-month period.
● Right to Request Restrictions: You have the right to request a restriction or limitation on the use or disclosure of your PHI for treatment, payment, or health care operations. We are not
required to agree to your request unless the request is to restrict disclosure of PHI to a health plan for purposes of carrying out payment or health care operations, and the PHI pertains to a health
care item or service that you paid for out of pocket. In that case, we are required to honor your request for a restriction.
● Right to Request Confidential Communication: You have the right to request that we communicate with you about health matters in a certain way or at a certain location. We will
accommodate reasonable requests. We may require information regarding how payment will be handled or specification of an alternative address or other method of contact as a condition for
accommodating your request. We will not ask you for an explanation of why you are making the request.
● Breach Notification: If there is a breach of unsecured PHI concerning you, we may be required to notify you of this breach, including what happened and what you can do to protect yourself.
● Right to a Copy of this Notice: You have the right to a copy of this notice.
FS Chapter 397.501 – Rights of Individuals
Individuals receiving substance abuse services from any service provider are guaranteed protection of the rights specified in this section, unless otherwise expressly provided, and service
providers must ensure the protection of such rights.
(1) RIGHT TO INDIVIDUAL DIGNITY. —The dignity of the individual served must be respected at all times and upon all occasions, including any occasion when the individual is admitted,
retained, or transported. Individuals served who are not accused of a crime or delinquent act may not be detained or incarcerated in jails, detention centers, or training schools of the state, except
for purposes of protective custody in strict accordance with this chapter. An individual may not be deprived of any constitutional right.
(2) RIGHT TO NONDISCRIMINATORY SERVICES. —
(a) Service providers may not deny an individual access to substance abuse services solely on the basis of race, gender, ethnicity, age, sexual preference, human immunodeficiency virus status,
prior service departures against medical advice, disability, or number of relapse episodes. Service providers may not deny an individual who takes medication prescribed by a physician access to
substance abuse services solely on that basis. Service providers who receive state funds to provide substance abuse services may not, if space and sufficient state resources are available, deny
access to services based solely on inability to pay.
(b) Each individual in treatment must be afforded the opportunity to participate in the formulation and periodic review of his or her individualized treatment or service plan to the extent of his or her
ability to so participate.
(c) It is the policy of the state to use the least restrictive and most appropriate services available, based on the needs and the best interests of the individual and consistent with optimum care of
the individual.
(d) Each individual must be afforded the opportunity to participate in activities designed to enhance self-image.
(3) RIGHT TO QUALITY SERVICES. —
(a) Each individual must be delivered services suited to his or her needs, administered skillfully, safely, humanely, with full respect for his or her dignity and personal integrity, and in accordance
with all statutory and regulatory requirements.
(b) These services must include the use of methods and techniques to control aggressive behavior that poses an immediate threat to the individual or to other persons. Such methods and
techniques include the use of restraints, the use of seclusion, the use of time-out, and other behavior management techniques. When authorized, these methods and techniques may be applied
only by persons who are employed by service providers and trained in the application and use of these methods and techniques. The department must specify by rule the methods that may be
used and the techniques that may be applied by service providers to control aggressive behavior and must specify by rule the physical facility requirements for seclusion rooms, including
dimensions, safety features, methods of observation, and contents.
(4) RIGHT TO COMMUNICATION. —
(a) Each individual has the right to communicate freely and privately with other persons within the limitations imposed by service provider policy.
(b) Because the delivery of services can only be effective in a substance abuse free environment, close supervision of each individual’s communications and correspondence is necessary,
particularly in the initial stages of treatment, and the service provider must therefore set reasonable rules for telephone, mail, and visitation rights, giving primary consideration to the well-being and
safety of individuals, staff, and the community. It is the duty of the service provider to inform the individual and his or her family if the family is involved at the time of admission about the provider’s
rules relating to communications and correspondence.
(5) RIGHT TO CARE AND CUSTODY OF PERSONAL EFFECTS. —An individual has the right to possess clothing and other personal effects. The service provider may take temporary custody of
the individual’s personal effects only when required for medical or safety reasons, with the reason for taking custody and a list of the personal effects recorded in the individual’s clinical record.
(6) RIGHT TO EDUCATION OF MINORS. —Each minor in a residential service component is guaranteed education and training appropriate to his or her needs. The service provider shall
coordinate with local education agencies to ensure that education and training is provided to each minor in accordance with other applicable laws and regulations and that parental responsibilities
related to such education and training are established within the provisions of such applicable laws and regulations. This chapter does not relieve any local education authority of its obligation
under law to provide a free and appropriate education to every child.
(7) RIGHT TO CONFIDENTIALITY OF INDIVIDUAL RECORDS . —
(a) The records of service providers which pertain to the identity, diagnosis, and prognosis of and service provision to any individual are confidential in accordance with this chapter and with
applicable federal confidentiality regulations and are exempt from s. 119.07(1) and s. 24(a), Art. I of the State Constitution. Such records may not be disclosed without the written consent of the
individual to whom they pertain except that appropriate disclosure may be made without such consent:
1. To medical personnel in a medical emergency.
2. To service provider personnel if such personnel need to know the information in order to carry out duties relating to the provision of services to an individual.
3. To the secretary of the department or the secretary’s designee, for purposes of scientific research, in accordance with federal confidentiality regulations, but only upon agreement in writing
that the individual’s CHOICEPOINT and other identifying information will not be disclosed.
4. In the course of review of service provider records by persons who are performing an audit or evaluation on behalf of any federal, state, or local government agency, or third-party payor
providing financial assistance or reimbursement to the service provider; however, reports produced as a result of such audit or evaluation may not disclose CHOICEPOINTs or other identifying
information and must be in accordance with federal confidentiality regulations.
5. Upon court order based on application showing good cause for disclosure. In determining whether there is good cause for disclosure, the court shall examine whether the public interest and
the need for disclosure outweigh the potential injury to the individual, to the service provider and the individual, and to the service provider itself.
(b) The restrictions on disclosure and use in this section do not apply to communications from provider personnel to law enforcement officers which:
1. Are directly related to an individual’s commission of a crime on the premises of the provider or against provider personnel or to a threat to commit such a crime; and
2. Are limited to the circumstances of the incident, including the status of the individual committing or threatening to commit the crime, that individual’s CHOICEPOINT and address, and that
individual’s last known whereabouts.
(c) The restrictions on disclosure and use in this section do not apply to the reporting of incidents of suspected child abuse and neglect to the appropriate state or local authorities as required by
law. However, such restrictions continue to apply to the original substance abuse records maintained by the provider, including their disclosure and use for civil or criminal proceedings which may
arise out of the report of suspected child abuse and neglect.
(d) Any answer to a request for a disclosure of individual records which is not permissible under this section or under the appropriate federal regulations must be made in a way that will not
affirmatively reveal that an identified individual has been, or is being diagnosed or treated for substance abuse. The regulations do not restrict a disclosure that an identified individual is not and
has never received services.
(e)1. Since a minor acting alone has the legal capacity to voluntarily apply for and obtain substance abuse treatment, any written consent for disclosure may be given only by the minor. This
restriction includes, but is not limited to, any disclosure of identifying information to the parent, legal guardian, or custodian of a minor for the purpose of obtaining financial reimbursement.
2. When the consent of a parent, legal guardian, or custodian is required under this chapter in order for a minor to obtain substance abuse treatment, any written consent for disclosure must be
given by both the minor and the parent, legal guardian, or custodian.
(f) An order of a court of competent jurisdiction authorizing disclosure and use of confidential information is a unique kind of court order. Its only purpose is to authorize a disclosure or use of
identifying information which would otherwise be prohibited by this section. Such an order does not compel disclosure. A subpoena or a similar legal mandate must be issued in order to compel
disclosure. This mandate may be entered at the same time as, and accompany, an authorizing court order entered under this section.
(g) An order authorizing the disclosure of an individual’s records may be applied for by any person having a legally recognized interest in the disclosure which is sought. The application may be
filed separately or as part of a pending civil action in which it appears that the individual’s records are needed to provide evidence. An application must use a fictitious CHOICEPOINT, such as
John Doe or Jane Doe, to refer to any individual and may not contain or otherwise disclose any identifying information unless the individual is the applicant or has given a written consent to
disclosure or the court has ordered the record of the proceeding sealed from public scrutiny.
(h) The individual and the person holding the records from whom disclosure is sought must be given adequate notice in a manner which will not disclose identifying information to other persons,
and an opportunity to file a written response to the application, or to appear in person, for the limited purpose of providing evidence on the statutory and regulatory criteria for the issuance of the
court order.
(i) Any oral argument, review of evidence, or hearing on the application must be held in the judge’s chambers or in some manner which ensures that identifying information is not disclosed to
anyone other than a party to the proceeding, the individual, or the person holding the record, unless the individual requests an open hearing. The proceeding may include an examination by the
judge of the records referred to in the application.
(j) A court may authorize the disclosure and use of records for the purpose of conducting a criminal investigation or prosecution of an individual only if the court finds that all of the following criteria
are met:
1. The crime involved is extremely serious, such as one which causes or directly threatens loss of life or serious bodily injury, including but not limited to homicide, sexual assault, sexual
battery, kidnapping, armed robbery, assault with a deadly weapon, and child abuse and neglect.
2. There is a reasonable likelihood that the records will disclose information of substantial value in the investigation or prosecution.
3. Other ways of obtaining the information are not available or would not be effective.
4. The potential injury to the individual, to the physician-individual relationship, and to the ability of the program to provide services to other individuals is outweighed by the public interest and
the need for the disclosure.
(8) RIGHT TO COUNSEL. —Each individual must be informed that he or she has the right to be represented by counsel in any involuntary proceeding for assessment, stabilization, or treatment
and that he or she, or if the individual is a minor his or her parent, legal guardian, or legal custodian, may apply immediately to the court to have an attorney appointed if he or she cannot afford
one.
(9) RIGHT TO HABEAS CORPUS. —At any time, and without notice, an individual involuntarily retained by a provider, or the individual’s parent, guardian, custodian, or attorney on behalf of the
individual, may petition for a writ of habeas corpus to question the cause and legality of such retention and request that the court issue a writ for the individual’s release.
(10) LIABILITY AND IMMUNITY. —
(a) Service provider personnel who violate or abuse any right or privilege of an individual under this chapter are liable for damages as determined by law.
(b) All persons acting in good faith, reasonably, and without negligence in connection with the preparation or execution of petitions, applications, certificates, or other documents or theapprehension, detention, discharge, examination, transportation, or treatment of a person under the provisions of this chapter shall be free from all liability, civil or criminal, by reason of such acts.
COMPLAINTS: If you believe we have violated your privacy rights, you have the right to file a complaint in writing with our Privacy Officer at 23-00 Route 208 Suite 2-9, Fair Lawn NJ 07410 or with
the Secretary of Health and Human Services at 200 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20201 or by calling (202) 619-0257. We will not retaliate against you for filing a complaint.
GRIEVANCES: It is the policy of CHOICEPOINT to provide the best possible services to all clients. In the event that any resident feels that the agency has not met his/her expectations, the person
may file a grievance. Clients will be advised of the grievance procedure upon entry to the facility. The client will obtain a copy of the grievance procedure, and will sign a copy for their client record.
Clients will be instructed to follow these steps in order to file a grievance:
Grievance Procedure:
1. Any person(s) who believes that their rights have been violated or has a complaint or grievance may file a complaint pursuant to the procedures set forth below, on their behalf or on the behalf
of another person. All persons are encouraged to file a grievance. By filing a complaint, the individual will not subject themselves to any form of adverse action, reprimand, retaliation, or otherwise
negative treatment by Elevations Health. Clients shall have immediate access to the grievance form; a posting of the grievance procedure will be in the group room with the levels of appeals, and
in the Patient handbook.
2. The processing procedures for grievances and complaints are as follows:
1. The Client is encouraged to discuss any problems with their therapist. The Client and therapist will try to find a resolution. The therapist will correspond with the Clinical Director on the
grievance and/or complaint and any resolution.
2. All grievances shall first be filed with the Clinical Director by completing a "Client Grievance" form. The Human Resources Director and/or Designee shall give the Client a receipt of the filed
grievance and log the grievance. The Director will conduct an internal investigation and render an initial determination and resolution within 2 days of receipt of the complaint in writing.
3. If the complainant is not satisfied or if the complaint is not resolved with the results achieved in Step 2, the complainant may file an appeal and/or the grievance shall be forwarded to the
Executive Director and this meeting shall be held within five working days of the date it is requested.
4. The Client shall be presented a resolution and response to their grievance in writing.
5. In the event that the Client does not feel a resolution has been reached they may contact DMAS and the Client Advocatory.
3. The Clinical Director and the Director shall take steps to ensure an appropriate investigation of each complaint to determine its validity. These rules contemplate informal, but thorough,
investigations affording all interested persons and their representatives, if any, an opportunity to submit evidence relevant to the complaint.
4. Any allegations of physical or sexual abuse by a therapist shall immediately be brought to the attention of the Clinical Director and the police shall be notified. The Client will be afforded the
opportunity to contact the Police, New Jersey Abuse Hotline, Department of Health and the New Jersey Disability Rights. The telephone numbers of the hotlines are posted on the Client Bulletin
Board.
INFECTION CONTROL POLICY AND PROCEDURES:
The staff is required by the State of New Jersey to assess all clients for infectious disease risk for HIV, Hepatitis, Tuberculosis, etc. All clients must be screened for certain infectious diseases upon
admission and, if in need of treatment, must adhere to the prescribed medical regimen. We ask that you notify staff if you have any communicable or infectious diseases at the present time or
during your involvement with us, which may inadvertently pose a health threat to others in a community or a group setting if not addressed. We provide education, counseling and referral services Wave!as needed. In the event that you do have an infectious disease, your rights and confidentiality will be protected to the extent of the law. CHOICEPOINT will also do its best to obtain medical care
for you. However, we are required, according to New Jersey Statute Chapter 397 F.S. and Chapter 65D-30 F.A.C., Section 381.0031 and 384.25 F.S., to report the communicable disease to
DMAS.
Here are some facts about HIV/AIDS/TB/STDs. Please read carefully. Your counselor will review the information with you and answer any questions or clarify any areas that may not be clear. This
handout is yours to take with you. You may wish to share this information with your sexual partner or other significant individuals.
WHAT IS IT?
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is a disease caused by a virus called HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus).
● When a person is infected with HIV, the virus infects and can kill certain cells in the immune system called T- helper cells. This weakens the immune system so that other opportunistic
infections can occur. The HIV-infected person is said to have AIDS when they become sick with other specific infections or when the number of T-helper cells has dropped below 200.
● There is no cure for HIV. Although people do not die from HIV, most people who become infected with HIV will eventually develop AIDS. You can have HIV for several years without showing
any signs. That means you can have HIV and not even know it. You can also spread HIV during that time to other people. As of 1996, about half of everybody that got HIV would develop AIDS
within ten years. Now, with the help of new drug treatments, the time between infection of HIV and the time it takes to develop AIDS can be even longer.
WHO CAN GET HIV/AIDS?
● People of any sex, age, and race can get HIV/AIDS. More than 1.2 million people in the United States are living with HIV infection, and almost 1 in 8 (12.8%) are unaware of their infection.
● Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSMa), particularly young black/African American MSM, are most seriously affected by HIV.
● By race, blacks/African Americans face the most severe burden of HIV.
CDC estimates that 1,218,400 persons aged 13 years and older are living with HIV infection, including 156,300 (12.8%) who are unaware of their infection. Over the past decade, the number of
people living with HIV has increased, while the annual number of new HIV infections has remained relatively stable. Still, the pace of new infections continues at far too high a level—particularly
among certain groups.
HIV Incidence (new infections): The estimated incidence of HIV has remained stable overall in recent years, at about 50,000 new HIV infections per year. Within the overall estimates, however,
some groups are affected more than others. MSM continue to bear the greatest burden of HIV infection, and among races/ethnicities, African Americans continue to be disproportionately affected.
HIV Diagnoses (new diagnoses, regardless of when infection occurred or stage of disease at diagnosis): In 2013, an estimated 47,352 people were diagnosed with HIV infection in the United
States. In that same year, an estimated 26,688 people were diagnosed with AIDS. Overall, an estimated 1,194,039 people in the United States have been diagnosed with AIDS.
Deaths: Deaths: An estimated 13,712 people with an AIDS diagnosis died in 2012, and approximately 658,507 people in the United States with an AIDS diagnosis have died overall. The deaths of
persons with an AIDS diagnosis can be due to any cause—that is, the death may or may not be related to AIDS.
By Risk Group
Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) of all races and ethnicities remain the population most profoundly affected by HIV.
In 2010, the estimated number of new HIV infections among MSM was 29,800, a significant 12% increase from the 26,700 new infections among MSM in 2008.
Although MSM represents about 4% of the male population in the United States, in 2010, MSM accounted for 78% of new HIV infections among males and 63% of all new infections. MSM
accounted for 54% of all people living with HIV infection in 2011, the most recent year these data are available.
In 2010, white MSM continued to account for the largest number of new HIV infections (11,200), by transmission category, followed closely by black MSM (10,600).
The estimated number of new HIV infections was greatest among MSM in the youngest age group. In 2010, the greatest number of new HIV infections (4,800) among MSM occurred in young
black/African American MSM aged 13–24. Young black MSM accounted for 45% of new HIV infections among black MSM and 55% of new HIV infections among young MSM overall.
Since the epidemic began, an estimated 311,087 MSM with an AIDS diagnosis have died, including an estimated 5,380 in 2012.
Heterosexuals and injection drug users also continue to be affected by HIV.
Since the epidemic began, almost 92,613 persons with AIDS that were infected through heterosexual sex, have died, including an estimated 4,550 in 2012.
New HIV infections among women are primarily attributed to heterosexual contact (84% in 2010) or injection drug use (16% in 2010). Women accounted for 20% of estimated new HIV infections in
2010 and 23% of those living with HIV infection in 2011. The 9,500 new infections among women in 2010 reflect a significant 21% decrease from the 12,000 new infections that occurred among
this group in 2008.
Injection drug users represented 8% of new HIV infections in 2010 and 15% of those living with HIV in 2011.
Since the epidemic began, nearly 186,728 people with (AIDS) who inject drugs have died, including an estimated 3,514 in 2012.
By Race/Ethnicity
Blacks/African Americans continue to experience the most severe burden of HIV, compared with other races and ethnicities.
Blacks represent approximately 12% of the U.S. population, but accounted for an estimated 44% of new HIV infections in 2010. They also accounted for 41% of people living with HIV infection in
2011.
Since the epidemic began, an estimated 270,726 blacks with AIDS have died, including an estimated 6,540 in 2012.
Hispanics/Latinos are also disproportionately affected by HIV.
Hispanics/Latinos represented 16% of the population but accounted for 21% of new HIV infections in 2010. Hispanics/Latinos accounted for 20% of people living with HIV infection in 2011.
Disparities persist in the estimated rate of new HIV infections in Hispanics/Latinos. In 2010, the rate of new HIV infections for Latino males was 2.9 times that for white males, and the rate of new
infections for Latinas was 4.2 times that for white females.
Since the epidemic began, more than 100,888 Hispanics/Latinos with an AIDS diagnosis have died, including 2,155 in 2012.
PEOPLE AT HIGHEST RISK OF AIDS AND HIV INFECTIONS ARE:
● People who share needles
● Men who have sex with other men
● Babies born to mothers who have HIV infections
● People who receive blood transfusions or blood products before 1985
● Anyone who has sex with anyone who has or is at risk for AIDS or HIV infection
HOW IS HIV SPREAD?
HIV is spread through body fluids like blood, pus, semen, menstrual blood, vaginal secretions and breast milk. If your blood comes into contact with any body fluids of an infected person, you may
become infected with HIV. You may expose yourself to HIV if you do any of the following with a person who has HIV.
● Have unprotected sex (sex without a condom)
● You can get HIV from oral, anal, or vaginal sex, or from sharing sex toys with a person who is infected.
● Share a needle or a syringe with someone who is infected.
● This could be sharing a needle to inject drugs, to make tattoos, or to pierce your ear.
● Get infected blood into an open cut or mucous membrane.
● This is rare and usually occurs with healthcare workers when it does happen.
● From a mother to a baby.
This can occur before, during birth or by breast-feeding.
SYMPTOMS
Certain symptoms and conditions may be associated with HIV/AIDS These symptoms and conditions may include: fever, weight loss, swollen lymph glands in the neck, under arms or groin, white
patches in the mouth (thrush), certain cancers (Kaposi's sarcoma, certain lymphomas, certain invasive cervical cancers), and, infections (Pneumocystis pneumonia, certain types of meningitis,
toxoplasmosis, certain blood infections, TB, etc...)
TESTING
A blood test may tell if you have HIV infection or AIDS.
You can get a HIV blood test at your doctor's office or at Counseling and Testing Sites throughout Florida.
Getting tested is easier than ever and can be done confidentially or anonymously which means no one else will ever know you’re at ChoicePoint. They may take a blood sample OR they may
simply take a sample of your spit with a swab. Test results take about 2 weeks to come back and then you can find out the results. Knowing can give you peace of mind and protect other people
that are important to you.
OK, SO TELL ME ABOUT GETTING TESTED...
You can get a free, anonymous HIV test at a local county health department. (see list at the end of this document)
Remember, anyone can get HIV AIDS. Take care of yourself. Protect yourself.
WHAT DOES THIS TEST MEAN?
This test detects antibodies to HIV, not the virus itself. Antibodies are the body's reaction to the virus.
A POSITIVE test means that a person is infected with HIV and can pass it to others. By itself, a positive test does not mean that a person has AIDS, which is the most advanced stage of HIV
infection.
A NEGATIVE test means that antibodies to HIV were not detected. This usually means that the person is not infected with HIV. In some cases, however, the infection may have happened too
recently for the test to turn positive. The Blood test usually turns positive within 1month after infection and in almost all cases within 3 months. Therefore, if you were infected very recently, a
negative test result could be wrong.
FALSE RESULTS (a negative test in someone who is infected, or a positive test in someone who is not infected) are rare. Indeterminate results (when it is unclear whether the test is positive or
negative) also are rare. When a test result does not seem to make sense, a repeat test or special confirmatory tests may help to determine whether a person is or is not infected.
BENEFITS OF BEING TESTED - There are substantial benefits to being tested. Most infected persons may benefit from medications that delay or prevent AIDS and other serious infections. Test
results also can help people make choices about contraception or pregnancy. Therefore, all infected persons should have a complete medical checkup, including tests of the immune system; to
help their health care providers recommend the best health care. There are other reasons to be tested. Even though everyone should follow safer sex guidelines whether or not they are infected
with HIV, many persons find that knowing their test results helps them to protect their partners and themselves. Some persons want to know their test results before beginning a new sexual
relationship or becoming pregnant. Others will be reassured by learning that they are not infected.
RISKS AND DISADVANTAGES of BEING TESTED- Many persons with positive or indeterminate test results will experience stress, anxiety, or depression. Some persons with negative tests may
continue or increase unsafe behaviors, which would increase the risk of HIV infection. Some persons are afraid that their test results will get into the wrong hands, and that discrimination might
result. For these reasons, you should consider your social support (such as family and friends) and your insurance needs before you are tested.
HOW DO I PROTECT MYSELF?
The best way to protect your self is to abstain from sex and to not shoot up drugs.
Here are some ways of limiting your risk of becoming infected with HIV:
● Practice safer sex - (Remember THERE IS NO RISK FREE SEX!)
Have sex with one uninfected partner who only has sex with you. oALWAYS uses a barrier for protection.
● A condom is the most protective prevention strategy. A condom will NOT GUARANTEE that you will not be exposed to HIV but aside from not having sex at all, a condom is your best
defense. Be sure to use a condom for oral sex too!
o Use a water-based lubricant such as KY Jelly, Astroglide, or Wet. Don't use an oil-based lubricant (Vaseline, Crisco, chocolate syrup, etc.). Oil-based lubricants will cause the condom to
break down making holes in the condom that HIV can get through.
o Use latex gloves for hand sex and never use these more than once. When you are done with them, throw them in the trash.
● Don't share needles, razors, or tooth brushes. Something to think about: When you have sex with someone, you could be exposing yourself to everyone that person has had sex with for at
least the past 10 years and everyone those people have had sex with as well.